GPS/GNSS spoofing is a category of deliberate attacks on GNSS receivers. Rather than blocking signals entirely (as in jamming), spoofing aims to manipulate a receiver’s calculations, causing it to determine an incorrect position, time, or velocity without detecting a problem. In effect, spoofing tricks a system into navigating or operating based on false information. Spoofing […]
Will Thornton | Jul 2025
What is a CRPA (Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna)?
You may sometimes see CRPA referred to as either controlled reception pattern antenna or controlled radiation pattern antenna. The terms are often used interchangeably, and both refer to the same essential concept: an antenna system that dynamically adjusts how it receives GNSS signals to defend against interference and protect navigation performance. In simple terms, a […]
Will Thornton | Jun 2025
What is LEO (Low Earth Orbit)?
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is the region of space extending from about 160 kilometers (100 miles) to 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) above Earth’s surface. Satellites in this zone travel at high speeds, completing an orbit around the planet roughly every 90 to 120 minutes. LEO is home to a wide variety of satellites, including those […]
Will Thornton | Jun 2025
Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas: The next frontier in GNSS resilience?
In January, the US State Department announced plans to remove some Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas (CRPAs) from the US Munitions List (USML), starting this September. This will enable those CRPAs to be exported under Export Administration Regulations (EAR), rather than the much stricter International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). The relaxation of export restrictions means these anti-interference […]
Dean Kemp | May 2025
Full SBAS coverage in test: How you can benefit from next-gen precision
Satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) have long played a crucial role in improving GNSS accuracy and integrity for safety-critical applications. From aviation to maritime navigation, SBAS ensures sub-meter positioning and real-time integrity monitoring. But as new augmentation systems emerge and dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) capabilities gain traction, testing requirements are evolving. Understanding these changes is essential for […]
Mia Swain | Feb 2025
